丁克

据央视新闻客户端援引多方消息，俄罗斯总统普京开始其第五个总统任期后，密集任命及提名多个重要岗位，包括任命绍伊古为俄安全会议秘书、提名别洛乌索夫担任防长等。

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俄罗斯总统网站当地时间12日发布消息称，普京签署总统令，任命前国防部长绍伊古为俄罗斯联邦安全会议秘书。普京当天还签署总统令，免去帕特鲁舍夫安全会议秘书职务，另有任用。俄联邦委员会（议会上院）12日晚宣布，普京提名此前担任第一副总理的别洛乌索夫为俄国防部长。    BRUSSELS -- The alleged attacker who killed two Swedish soccer fans in Brussels this week before he was shot dead by police was residing in Belgium illegally and should have left the country three years ago, but never did.In a country that has been repeatedly rocked by extremist attacks, the government’s inability to deport the 45-year-old Tunisian national and prevent him from carrying out the attack is sparking a fierce political debate.Many questions remained unanswered as Sweden’s Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson traveled to Brussels on Wednesday to attend a ceremony paying tribute to the victims and meet his Belgian counterpart Alexander De Croo. How was a man who was on police files, thought to be radicalized and being sought for deportation, able to remain on Belgian soil? How did he obtain a semiautomatic rifle and launch such an attack?Investigators are still trying to determine the motive for Monday night’s attack, which happened not far from where Belgium’s men’s soccer team was hosting Sweden in a European Championships qualifier. It was the latest of a long list of extremist attacks to hit Belgium, including suicide bombings in 2016 that killed 32 people and injured hundreds more in the Brussels subway and airport.Authorities believe the suspect acted alone.Sweden raised its terror alert to the second-highest level in August after a series of public Quran burnings by an Iraqi refugee living in Sweden resulted in threats from Islamic militant groups. Asked if this might be a possible motive in this week's attack, the Belgian federal prosecutor’s office said it was too early to tell.Put on the backfoot by political rivals quick to condemn the inadequacies of Belgium’s deportation policy, De Croo stressed that orders to quit the Belgian territory need to be better enforced.“An order to leave the territory must become more binding than it is now,” he said. “The people who are not entitled to protection should leave the territory.” “When two people die, the only thing you can say is that things have gone wrong,” De Croo added.He also called for better protection of the European Union's external borders and coordinated return policies across the 27-nation bloc.Kristersson said he did not blame Belgian authorities for their failure to send the suspect back to his country of origin because “we have exactly the same problem in Sweden, with very many people who are declined asylum but refuse to leave.”According to Justice Minister Vincent Van Quickenborne, the suspect was denied asylum in 2020. He had been suspected of involvement in human trafficking, living illegally in Belgium and of being a risk to state security.Nicole de Moor, the secretary of state for asylum and migration, said Belgian authorities had lost track of the suspect after his asylum application was refused because he did not want to be housed in a reception center. Authorities were unable to locate him to organize his deportation.Governments critics, however, pointed out that police were able to quickly find his address and carry out raids at his Brussels flat after the attack. Belgium’s federal prosecutor Frédéric Van Leeuw said the shooter was recognized by the video and that people helped to identify the suspect and to track him down.Bernard Clerfayt, a Brussels minister who is also the mayor of the Brussels borough where the killings took place, called for the resignation of de Moor, the migration secretary.“There are thousands and thousands of orders to leave the country that have not been carried out, and what’s more, the procedure makes no provision for tracking down the addresses of all these people,” Clerfayt told La Premiere radio on Wednesday.Van Leeuw, the prosecutor, said Belgian authorities didn’t have much indication about the suspect’s radicalization. They received some intelligence from an unidentified foreign government in 2016 that the man had been radicalized but could not act on it because Belgian authorities were not able to establish it, he said. They saw no signs of radicalization since then. “Radicalization is not a crime either,” he said.Jesper Tengroth, a spokesman for the Swedish Migration Agency, told Swedish public radio that the suspected gunman lived in Sweden from 2012 to 2014 and spent part of that time in prison before being sent to another EU country.Official figures showed that only 5,497 of the 25,292 people who received an order to leave Belgium in 2022 have respected it. According to various estimates, some 150,000 people are currently residing illegally in Belgium. On average in the European Union, only around one in three people whose asylum applications fail ever actually leave. Forced deportations have a dark history in Belgium. In 1998, Samira Adamu, a Nigerian asylum seeker whose application had been rejected, was suffocated to death by security officials on her plane back to Africa after she tried to resist her deportation. The interior minister at the time resigned over the scandal.Theo Francken, a lawmaker from the right-wing Flemish nationalist party N-VA, said Belgian authorities should be stricter with criminals and radicalized individuals. “This must really be the government’s focus. It’s a big mistake not to have done this,” he said.Meanwhile, Swedish public broadcaster SVT identified one of the victims as Patrick Lundström, a 60-year-old who was described by his family as an “incurable football fan” who followed the national team through good times and bad times.The fact that the shooter used a semiautomatic rifle highlighted another serious issue for Belgium — the widespread circulation of weapons in a country that struggles to fight fierce drug trafficking.“Because of drug crime, there is a lot of demand for these kinds of weapons,” Nils Duquet, the director of the Flemish Peace Institute and a weapons expert, told VRT News. "It’s not only serious criminals who get hold of these kinds of weapons these days, but also more minor ones.”___Raf Casert in Brussels contributed.。

俄总统新闻秘书佩斯科夫解释，任命经济学家别洛乌索夫为国防部长出于两大需要：首先，以国防部门为主的“强力部门”开支剧增，从占GDP的3%增至6.7%，俄需要调整“使强力部门的经济与当前动态相匹配”；其次，“战场胜利”需要“创新和前沿技术解决方案”，还需要“最大程度采用新技术和先进理念的人”。“因此，在这个阶段，普京决定由一位经济学家来领导国防部。”他补充说，别洛乌索夫将不会被授予军衔。

俄罗斯国防部“突然换帅”，乌克兰和世界舆论反应不一，但普遍认为这反映出俄罗斯内部试图更仔细地控制国防开支，以确保资金能有效使用。

有分析指出，俄国防部长职位更迭的迫切性，部分源自绍伊古副手、前副部长伊万诺夫涉嫌受贿被捕的余波（报道链接：俄国防部副部长涉嫌受贿被捕，反腐调查负责人：他担任着国防部油水最多的工作），这一丑闻直接触及了军费使用问题。

C | 绍伊古自2012年起担任俄国防部长职位，但在俄乌冲突中因战略和指挥能力不足而受到批评。加之先前普里戈任与国防部的矛盾公然爆发，乃至引发瓦格纳“24小时哗变”一事，种种事件交织，导致了今天这一局面的发生。

英国前上校、北约规划专家菲利普·英格拉姆认为，更换国防部长可能是普京试图处理国防部腐败问题的一种方式。“普京让绍伊古站在一边，同时引进一个可能能够应对整个俄国防部腐败影响的人。”他表示。

这一背景下，别洛乌索夫走到了台前。一名消息人士强调，就性格而言，“别洛乌索夫极为低调和内向”。另一名亲近普京和别洛乌索夫的消息人士透露：“他和目前国防部的人完全不同。绍伊古和他的周围人物真的是‘精明的’人物，而别洛乌索夫引领军队的方式完全不同，他很正直，这也是普京认可的。”

据乌克兰经济学家阿列克谢·库什称，别洛乌索夫是“俄罗斯经济适应制裁、经济增长、深层次结构转型中发挥重要作用的人物”。有接近俄政府核心圈的消息人士回忆称，这位经济学家在2014年克里米亚公投“脱乌入俄”中扮演了幕后智囊角色，他曾向普京“证实俄罗斯经济能力”：可以承受克里米亚入俄的军事负担及后续的制裁压力。自2022年起，别洛乌索夫被纳入西方制裁名单。

别洛乌索夫与所有权力集团保持距离，不参加任何派系，也不组建“自己的团队”，一名俄政府机关前工作人员说：“他是普京完全信任的人，以至于普京可以委托他负责全面的军事开支审计。

D | ”亲近普京和别洛乌索夫的消息人士称：“他是一个绝对不会腐败的人。”

别洛乌索夫，现年65岁，1959年3月17日出生于莫斯科。他的父亲，雷姆·别洛乌索夫，在二战期间是一名航空兵，后来成为一名经济学家。老别洛乌索夫在苏联国家计划研究所工作，参与制定了20世纪60年代中期的科西金经济改革。他的母亲艾莉莎则是一名研究稀土元素的放射化学家。

从职业轨迹上看，别洛乌索夫更专注于经济研究和政策制定，远离军队，甚至未曾服过兵役。他的职业旅程起始于预测与分析工作，期间他曾为前总理叶夫根尼·普里马科夫及斯捷帕申献计献策，随后在俄前总理米哈伊尔·弗拉德科夫麾下担任非正式顾问角色。在此期间，他创办了宏观经济分析与短期预测中心。

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“他是那一代资深经济学家中罕见的、以国家为导向的、有能力的经济学家。

F | ”芝加哥大学经济学教授康斯坦丁·索宁表示，别洛乌索夫与俄罗斯同辈宏观经济学家不同，他专注于“真实的数字”。

卡内基国际和平基金会的前俄罗斯外交官出身的高级研究员亚历山大·鲍诺夫认为，普京正构思一套结合军工业实力与经济韧性的新战略，通过逐步施压在乌克兰冲突中占据有利位置。

俄罗斯经济学家尼古拉伊·库尔巴卡评论道，任命别洛乌索夫为新国防部长的想法表明，目前俄罗斯“需要（改变）的正是国防综合体的经济组成部分”。但库尔巴卡对这一人事更迭能否触发根本性改革持怀疑态度。